With so much diabetes around these days, you may think that recognizing it should be easy. The truth is that it's not easy, because diabetes is defined by blood tests. You can't just look at someone and know the level of glucose in his or her blood.
Glucose is the name of the type of sugar found in our bodies that provides all the energy needed by your cells and organs to carry on all the chemical reactions that permit you to live and move.
The level of glucose that means you have diabetes is as follows:
- A casual blood glucose of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) or more at any time of day or night, along with symptoms such as fatigue, frequent urination and thirst, slow healing of skin, urinary infections, and vaginal itching in women. A normal casual blood glucose should be between 70 and 139 mg/dl.
- A fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dl or more after no food for at least eight hours. A normal fasting blood glucose should be less than 100 mg/dl.
- A blood glucose of 200 mg/dl or greater 2 hours after consuming 75 grams of glucose.
A diagnosis of diabetes requires at least two abnormal levels on two different occasions. Don't accept a lifelong diagnosis of diabetes on the basis of a single test.
If your blood glucose isn't controlled - that is, kept between 70 and 139 mg/dl after eating or under 100 mg/dl fasting - damage can occur to your body. This damage can be temporary or permanent depending on how long it goes on.
The damage can be divided into three categories: irritations, short-term complications, and long-term complications.
Treatment of diabetes involves three essential elements:
Diet
Exercise
Medication
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